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U-87Ai / 钮曼 Neumann 大震膜话筒 3-拾音指向(包含EA87)
类别：录音话筒
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详细介绍：
U87自1967年以来就一直是录音工业的标准，在专业的录音棚话筒中，它以温暖的音质和良好的平衡特性而闻名。现在，经过改良后的U87AI信噪比提高了6 dB。该话筒配备了两个大震膜，有三个指向性选择：全指向、心型指向、8字型指向。在话筒的后面，还有一个10 dB衰减开关，它可以使话筒即使拾取高达127 dB（相当于声压45Pa）声音信号也不会产生失真。话筒还可以对低频响应进行衰减以补偿邻近效应所产生的低频增强。其频响范围是20Hz至20kHz，额定阻抗为200欧。
U87AI的适用范围非常广，它基本上可满足录音棚、电影、电视等领域的各种录音需求。它可以作为管弦乐乐队录音的主话筒，还可以作为定点话筒对单独乐器进行录音。在各种音乐风格和语音环境中，U87AI进行人声录制也表现得非常出色。
性能指标：
声学原理：压力梯度传感器；
指向性：全方向、心型、8字型；
频响范围：20 - 20,000 Hz；
灵敏度：22/28/20 mV/Pa；
额定阻抗：200欧；
固有噪音等效声压：(DIN 45 405 CCIR 468-3) 26/23/25 dB ；(DIN/IEC 651) 15/12/14 dB-A；
1 Pa，1kHz的信噪比：(CCIR) 68/71/69 dB ；(A-weighted) 79/82/80 dB-A；
最大声压级（小于0.5% THD 2）：117 dB（无预衰减）；127 dB（有预衰减）；
总体动态范围：115 dB；
电耗：0.8 mA；
重量：500g；
体积：直径56 mm，长200 mm
The U 87* is probably the best known and most widely used Neumann studio microphone. It is equipped with a large dual-diaphragm capsule with three directional patterns: omnidirectional, cardioid and figure-8. These are selectable with a switch below the headgrille.
A 10 dB attenuation switch is located on the rear. It enables the microphone to handle sound pressure levels up to 127 dB without distortion.
Furthermore, the low frequency response can be reduced to compensate for proximity effect.
Applications
The U 87 Ai condenser microphone is a large diaphragm microphone with three polar patterns and a unique frequency and transient response characteristic.
Users recognize the microphone immediately by its distinctive design. It is a good choice for most general purpose applications in studios, for broadcasting, film and television.
The U 87 Ai is used as a main microphone for orchestra recordings, as a spot mic for single instruments, and extensively as a vocal microphone for all types of music and speech.
Acoustic features
The U 87 Ai is addressed from the front, marked with the Neumann logo. The frequency response of the cardioid and figure-8 directional characteristics are very flat for frontal sound incidence, even in the upper frequency range. The microphone can be used very close to a sound source without the sound becoming unnaturally harsh. By means of a high-pass filter interferences through subsonic and low frequencies are reduced remarkably.
Polar patterns
The dual-diaphragm capsule is elastically mounted and protected by a large headgrille. A switch below the headgrille selects the three directional patterns: omnidirectional, cardioid and figure-8. A window above this switch shows the symbol of the selected characteristic.
Electrical features
The letter A in the name indicates a more recent generation, as compared to the U 87 i microphones that were built from 1967 to 1986. Modifications apply to the electronic components of the microphone only; the capsule remained unchanged.
The present-day circuitry increases the operational headroom of the U 87 Ai by supplying the bias voltages for the capsule through a reduced resistance. The result is a higher sensitivity of 10 dB for identical sound pressure levels, and an improved S/N ratio of 3 dB.
Filter and attenuation
A switch located at the rear attenuates the sensitivity by 10 dB. When this switch is activated, the microphone accepts sound pressure levels up to 127 dB (equivalent to a sound pressure of 45 Pa) without distortion.
An additional switch at the rear allows to change the microphone's cutoff frequency. This reduces low frequency interference directly at the input of the microphone amplifier.
This setting also compensates for the unavoidable bass boost that occurs with all pressure gradient transducers when they are used at close distance (proximity effect).
The cardioid characteristic maintains a smooth frequency response at a distance of 30 to 40 cm, the figure-8 characteristic even at a distance of 15 to 20 cm.
·The design of the microphone is a registered design of the Georg Neumann GmbH in certain countries.
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